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Investigation of Nonlinear Optical and Vibrational Properties of Crystals
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Investigation of Nonlinear Optical and Vibrational Properties of Crystals

Xavier Palmer and Caden Solis
University of West Florida Libraries
Student Scholars Symposium and Faculty Research Showcase (University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida, 04/16/2026)

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Abstract

Undergraduate Research
We report the investigation of Raman and coherent Raman spectroscopy for lithium niobate (LiNbO3), or LNB, a hexagonal crystal, as well as the extension and application of two-beam 3-color broadband coherent Raman spectroscopy to measure symmetry-specific phonon vibrations in a cubic crystal known as bismuth germanate (Bi4Ge3O12), or BGO [1,2]. We measured the Stokes and anti-Stokes vibrational spectra of LNB, and low-frequency polarization-sensitive coherent Raman spectra of BGO, which were compared with polarized Raman measurements. We used polarization arrangements of the laser beams to select vibrational bands with specific symmetries. Methods for enhanced reproducibility of LNB spectra were identified and improved. The Raman bands of BGO followed the allowed transitions predicted by factor-group analysis; however, the coherent scattering polarization selection rules were found to be altered. The applied experimental and theoretical method used in the 3CBCRS measurements of BGO was published earlier [3,4]. To avoid second-order nonlinear effects and to operate below the plasma-generation and damage threshold of the crystals, we optimized the focusing and signal-detection system. Our study opens the way for advanced studies of the low-frequency spectral region in microcrystal phonon and vibrational investigations.
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