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Impact of Breastfeeding Compared to Formula Feeding on Infant Infection and Hospitalization Rates
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Impact of Breastfeeding Compared to Formula Feeding on Infant Infection and Hospitalization Rates

Isabelle Spanovich, Avery McCormick, Halle West and Addyson Chinchar
2026
2026

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Abstract

Infant feeding practices play a critical role in early childhood health outcomes. Globally, infections particularly respiratory and gastrointestinal infections remain among the leading causes of infant illness and hospitalization during the first year of life (Wang et al., 2025; Fro? & Orczyk-Pawi?owicz, 2024). Feeding method, particularly breastfeeding compared to formula feeding, has been widely studied as a factor influencing an infant’s immune protection and vulnerability to infection (Fro? & Orczyk-Pawi?owicz, 2024; Ma?kowska et al., 2025; Farrang et al., 2024). Breast milk contains antibodies, immune cells, and bioactive compounds that help strengthen the infant immune system and protect against pathogens (Fro? & Orczyk-Pawi?owicz, 2024). In contrast, formula feeding lacks many of these immunological components, which may increase the risk of infections and hospitalizations in early infancy (Wang et al., 2025; Ma?kowska et al., 2025; Fro? & Orczyk-Pawi?owicz, 2024). This project aims to examine how breastfeeding, compared to formula feeding, affects the incidence of gastrointestinal and respiratory infections, as well as hospitalization rates, during the first six months of life.
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