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Weapon carrying among adolescents: a cross-sectional study of crime-related risk and protective factors
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Weapon carrying among adolescents: a cross-sectional study of crime-related risk and protective factors

Ishak Celik, Nicholas H. Buker and Jasmine Oswalt
Children and youth services review, Vol.178, 108553
11/2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108553
Web of Science ID: WOS:001564206100001

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Abstract

This study examines the correlative factors influencing weapon-carrying behaviors among Norwegian youth, utilizing data from the Ungdata surveys conducted in 2021 and 2022. By exploring both delinquent and victimization-related risk factors, the research adopted two theoretical perspectives: the “crime facilitation” and “fear-and-loathing” models. Findings indicate that male gender, lower socioeconomic status, and weaker family bonds significantly correlate with weapon-carrying behaviors. School bonds were negatively associated in the baseline model but became non-significant when fear-and-loathing and crime facilitation variables were added. Additionally, bullying, violent victimization, and delinquent behaviors, particularly violent acts, emerged as critical predictors. Substance use, such as smoking and cannabis, also showed a significant association, highlighting the complex interplay of personal, social, and environmental influences on this behavior. The study underscores the need for multifaceted intervention strategies to mitigate youth weapon carrying and informs policy formulation tailored to the Norwegian context. These findings contribute to the broader discourse on youth violence prevention, emphasizing the importance of early intervention and supportive environments.

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