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Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Low-Dose Obeticholic Acid as a Possible Combined Treatment for Liver Fibrosis
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Low-Dose Obeticholic Acid as a Possible Combined Treatment for Liver Fibrosis

Ahmed Lotfy, Shimaa El-Metwaly, Reham Soliman, Ayman A. Hassan and Gamal Shiha
Stem cell reviews and reports, Vol.18(5), pp.1875-1877
06/2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-022-10346-8
PMID: 35118577
Web of Science ID: WOS:000750683300001

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Abstract

Liver Fibrosis Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Obeticholic acid Cell Biology Liver Diseases
Excerpt from text: Chronic liver injury causes liver fibrosis, which results in an ongoing wound-healing response. Major causes of liver injury include chronic HBV and HCV infection, exposure to toxins such as alcohol, liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and autoimmune diseases, such as primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and autoimmune hepatitis. The primary result of all of these factors causing injury is chronic inflammation, which results in abnormal wound healing. A variety of cell types and mediators work together to encapsulate liver injury. Fibrotic reactions cause the extracellular matrix (ECM) to accumulate and fibrous scar tissue to develop. Fibrous scarring causes liver architecture to be disrupted, resulting in the loss of hepatocytes and the disruption of normal liver function, eventually result in liver failure; however, liver fibrosis is a reversible condition [1]. The inflammatory response of hepatocytes is important in the pathophysiology of hepatic fibrosis. Migration of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cells, such as monocytes and macrophages, is part of the response. This migration is accompanied by proinflammatory cells producing cytokines and chemokines, which stimulate hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Trans-differentiation of HSCs into myofibroblasts is aided by fibrogenic cytokines generated by macrophages, such as transforming growth factor beta (TGF-). Extracellular matrix is mostly produced by these cells [2].

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