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Semiconducting Organic Metal Halide Complex Glasses for Efficient X-Ray Detection
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Semiconducting Organic Metal Halide Complex Glasses for Efficient X-Ray Detection

Oluwadara Joshua Olasupo, Kumudu Rajapaksha, Tunde Blessed Shonde, Mohammad Khizr, Sahel Moslemi, Ashley Summer House, Thilina N N D D Gamaralalage, Xinsong Lin, Js Raaj Vellore Winfred, Wanyi Nie, …
Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), Vol.Online ahead of print
12/09/2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202512181
PMID: 41363951
Web of Science ID: WOS:001632898900001

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Abstract

The growing demand for efficient, low-cost, and scalable direct X-ray detectors has prompted the exploration of materials beyond conventional inorganic semiconductors, e.g., Si, α-Se, and Cd(Zn)Te. While organic semiconductors offer attractive features, including mechanical flexibility and low-temperature solution processability, they often fall short in sensitivity, energy resolution, and detection limits compared to their inorganic counterparts. Here, the first demonstration of direct X-ray detectors is reported based on a new class of materials, organic metal halide complexes (OMHCs), which are composed of metal halide species covalently bonded to organic semiconducting units. Specifically, 4-(4-(diphenylamino) phenyl)-1-(propyl)-pyridinium zinc bromide ((TPA-Py) ZnBr ) is employed in its glassy form to fabricate high-performance direct X-ray detectors. By applying a facile melt-processing approach, wet-chemistry-synthesized (TPA-Py) ZnBr single crystals can be easily transformed into air-stable glassy samples with tunable dimensions for device integration. The resulting glassy OMHC-based X-ray detectors exhibit outstanding performance, including a high dark resistivity (5.37 × 10 Ω cm), an excellent detection sensitivity (2,020 µC Gy cm ) at an electric field of 10 V mm , and an ultralow detection limit of 12.44 nGy s . These results establish semiconducting OMHC glasses as a highly promising new class of materials for direct X-ray detectors.

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