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Immediate and neighborhood contextual effects on intentional, accidental, and fatal drug overdoses in a non-urban jurisdiction
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Immediate and neighborhood contextual effects on intentional, accidental, and fatal drug overdoses in a non-urban jurisdiction

Rebecca Headley Konkel and Chrystina Y. Hoffman
Deviant Behavior, Vol.42, pp.1494-1511
42
2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2020.1756457
Web of Science ID: WOS:000532143800001

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Abstract

Drug overdoses in the United States have been dramatically increasing since the late 1990 s. Research has been successful in identifying individual-level correlates of overdoses, but often fails to examine contextual effects. Using data from one police department, the U.S. Census, and ReferenceUSA, we test the effects of block group (N = 34) and parcel (N = 21,489) variables reflective of social disorganization and availability-proneness theories on drug overdoses taking place in one non-urban jurisdiction over four years (N = 396). Furthermore, we test the ability of mental health and social-community service providers to mitigate the harmful effect of poverty. Because effects may vary across intent or outcome, accidental, intentional, and fatal overdoses were modeled independently. Based on multilevel analysis (HLM7), several variables were positively associated with overdoses; however, service providers in high poverty areas, as well as bars in general, elicited negative associations. Lastly, contextual effects varied based by type of overdose.

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