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Does Media Affect Learning: Where Are We Now?
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Does Media Affect Learning: Where Are We Now?

Nancy B. Hastings and Monica W. Tracey
TechTrends, Vol.49(2), pp.28-30
03/01/2005
Web of Science ID: WOS:000443516200008

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Abstract

In 1983, Clark declared that instructional methods determine how effective a piece of instruction is and that media's only influence is on cost and distribution. His argument (Clark, 1983) was that "media are mere vehicles that deliver instruction but do not influence student achievement any more than the truck that delivers our groceries causes changes in our nutrition'' (p. 445). In 1991 and again in 1994 Kozma challenged Clark's position, contending that the unique attributes of certain media can affect both learning and motivation. His argument (Kozma, 1994) was that "if there is no relationship between media and learning it may be because we have not yet made one" (p. 7). Thus began the great media effects debate.

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