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Calm in the storm: Female leadership and firm performance during COVID-19
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Calm in the storm: Female leadership and firm performance during COVID-19

Lucas Long, Dylan Norris and Hai Van Le
Corporate Ownership and Control, Vol.22(4), p.63
12/03/2025

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Abstract

This study investigates the impact of executive gender on firm performance during the COVID-19 crisis, framed through the lens of behavioural finance. We argue that leadership traits associated with female executives — such as lower overconfidence and a more collaborative, risk-averse approach — serve as a corporate governance mechanism that enhances organizational resilience. Analysing U.S. firms, our difference-in-differences (DiD) models show that female-led firms exhibited superior financial performance during the pandemic. This finding provides clarity to a body of literature previously marked by conflicting results — many of which found a negative or insignificant relationship — by suggesting the crisis context is a critical determinant. These findings contribute to upper echelon theory (UET) by demonstrating that behavioural differences in leadership are a significant determinant of firm outcomes in turbulent environments.
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