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The tragedy of cowardice: The impact of Death in the Afternoon on Hemingway's war stories
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The tragedy of cowardice: The impact of Death in the Afternoon on Hemingway's war stories

Anthony Ronald Eberhardt
University of West Florida Libraries
Master of Arts (MA), University of West Florida
2015

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Abstract

Through an analysis of Death in the Afternoon as an influential text for Hemingway's development as a writer, this thesis argues that the way in which Hemingway wrote about war in his short stories shifted, specifically his altering the theme of tragedy. In his early stories on war, Hemingway developed the tragedy of survival, a type of tragedy from which recovery is possible. But after writing his nonfiction treatise, he re-conceptualizes tragedy and its repercussions. His later war stories involve what I term the tragedy of cowardice, which ultimately becomes a far worse type of tragedy. This lack of valor, if exhibited by a character, prevents that person from finding any form of healing. Cowardice, as Hemingway comes to understand it, results in a character's figurative or physical death. There is no recovery. Death in the Afternoon, then, serves as the lynchpin for Hemingway's thematic shift when writing about tragedy. By way of conclusion, I identify that the tragedy of cowardice clearly has large implications when we consider it against modern post-traumatic stress disorder and against common interpretations of the Hemingway code.
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