THE ROLE OF BACK-BARRIER ISLANDS IN THE NATIVE AMERICAN ECONOMIES OF ST. CATHERINES ISLAND, GEORGIA
Matthew Frank Napolitano
University of West Florida
Master of Science (MS), University of West Florida
2012
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Abstract
The majority of coastal archaeological research focuses on mainland coasts and large islands, creating a bias in the anthropological literature as small islands are seen as marginal areas for aboriginal subsistence and settlement. To fully understand the aboriginal economies, it is necessary to examine small islands with the same focus given to large islands. One area where it is possible to address this problem is on the coast of Georgia (USA). Long-term research on St. Catherines Island resulted in detailed subsistence and settlement models for the entire aboriginal occupation of the island. A systematic survey on Bull Island Hammock, a small marsh island to the west of St. Catherines Island, revealed over four thousand years of aboriginal activity. Results of this survey were then contextualized with the St. Catherines Island dataset and recent work on the small islands off Sapelo Island, Georgia. This study demonstrates that small islands played a changing role in the subsistence and settlement patterns of aboriginal populations and that archaeologists' current understanding of these models may be incomplete.