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Frances Elisabeth Crowell
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Frances Elisabeth Crowell

Elizabeth Dwyer Vickers
University of West Florida Libraries
Master of Arts (MA), University of West Florida
1996

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Abstract

Frances Elisabeth Crowell, an American nurse-social worker, served on the Rockefeller Foundation staff in Europe from 1917 until 1940. Initially, she played a major role in organizing dispensaries and training health visitors during the tuberculosis crisis in France. After the First World War, she studied the state of nursing in Europe and made recommendations, enabling those countries to upgrade nursing education in order to meet growing public health needs. Crowell successfully coordinated efforts of the Foundation, European health ministries, and nursing leaders to achieve these objectives. Because she continued the health visitors program, some of her American colleagues charged that her programs did not meet American nursing education standards. A comparison of her professional experiences in the United States with her work in Europe demonstrates that her understanding of public health nursing and social work, and her insight about European cultures precluded the unqualified imposition of American nursing standards on European countries.
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