Christopher Columbus' 1492 expedition led the way for the establishment of European strongholds in the New World. The Spanish was one of the most prominent European powers to expand their enterprise across the Atlantic. Like Columbus, their initial ventures were more exploratory, but eventually, the Crown's concentration turned to establishing more permanent colonies to help protect their interests in these new locales. In this thesis, I compare the evidence of weapons of wreck sites representing each of these Spanish missions—exploration, shipping, and colonization. I hope to determine whether there is a way to recognize what type of venture a Spanish ship sailed based on the weapons' assemblages evidenced in both the archaeological and historic record. A secondary focus is to answer the question of why the Spanish and other European gunners used a particular type of shot, the bodoque, during the 16th century, but stopped by the end of the period.