As She Sailed and Sank: Identifying Activity-Associated Areas on Emanuel Point II Through Quantitative Spatial Analyses
Sienna Nakoa Williams
University of West Florida Libraries
Bachelor of Arts (BA), University of West Florida
2026
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Abstract
16th-Century GIS Maritime Archaeology Shipwreck Spanish Spatial Analysis Geographic information science Archaeology Geographic Information Systems Maritime History
Though a more analytical approach to archaeological spatial distribution analysis was introduced in the 1970s in the field’s pursuit of systematic analyses in a processual-driven era, application of these methods on underwater sites has since diminished. Now, software and platforms such as Quantum GIS allow archaeologists to visualize artifacts relative to associated ship structure, apply quantitative and statistical analyses, and facilitate a breakdown of complex, convoluted data into manageable layers of simplified datasets. Emanuel Point II, one of the 12 vessels employed in the 1559 expedition led by Tristán de Luna y Arellano to settle La Florida, provided a unique opportunity to cultivate, reintroduce, and apply systematic spatial quantitative and statistical methodologies on underwater sites. Employing a preliminary intensive historical document review that established the standard 16th-century shipboard organization, this thesis utilizes the spatial data associated with artifacts to provide an archaeological understanding of activity-associated areas on board EPII as the vessel sailed. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses employed in this research provide insight into site formation processes and how to mitigate their effects on underwater sites, ultimately demonstrating the necessity of careful excavation methodologies and collection of precise spatial data.