After 1704 attacks by the British and their Native American allies, some Apalachee fled their homeland to French Mobile, Spanish Pensacola, and Creek areas. Primary research indicates that those Apalachee who chose to ally politically with either the French or Spanish maintained social connections with both nations as well as the Lower Creek, and through the Creek enjoyed an economic connection with the British. At the same time, by consistently referring to the groups as Apalachee, documents imply some maintenance of Apalachee tradition during the eighteenth century. Comparisons of ten tightly-dated ceramic assemblages quantify material shifts through time and space and augment the historical record. This synthesis illustrates that Apalachee refugees had sufficient resources to play Europeans against each other yet adopted new ceramic traditions. Political and material maneuvering thus allowed them to maintain their social identity.