The rapid expansion of asynchronous online learning following the COVID-19 pandemic has increased access to higher education while creating challenges related to academic integrity, assessment validity, student engagement, and mathematical preparedness in undergraduate STEM pathway mathematics courses. At the study site, performance analyses identified concerns regarding the preparedness of students who completed prerequisite mathematics courses in an online asynchronous modality before enrolling in subsequent face-to-face mathematics courses. Guided by the Human Performance Technology (HPT) framework, this study examined the factors contributing to these performance gaps and developed an evidence-based intervention to address the identified needs. The study informed the development of the Online Mathematical Reasoning and Feedback Framework (OMRFF). The OMRFF integrated four pillars—authentic assessment, mathematical reasoning, structured formative feedback, and assessment integrity—to strengthen student preparedness and improve instructional quality in asynchronous online mathematics courses. The framework included handwritten assessments, individualized instructor feedback, in-person proctored examinations, standardized assessment practices, faculty professional development, and continuous evaluation. This study provides an evidence-based, discipline-specific framework for improving assessment practices, supporting mathematical reasoning, and strengthening student preparedness within online STEM pathway mathematics education.
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Performance Analysis of Online Modality Mathematics Courses in Higher Education